> CVE-2026-45363 [CRITICAL]

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PUBLISHED
2026-07-14 22:16
MODIFIED
2026-07-14 22:16
CVSS_SCORE V3
9.1
EPSS (Prob. Exploit)
0.36%
Top 70.8%
DATA SOURCES:
NVD 🔗 2026-07-14 RED HAT 🔗 2026-07-19 CWE MITRE 🔗 2026-11-01 FIRST EPSS 🔗 2026-10-25 GITHUB 🔗 2026-11-05 OSV 🔗 2026-07-20

> DESCRIPTION

ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.

> AFFECTED_PRODUCTS

ℹ️ Aucun produit affecté n'a encore été publié par NVD pour cette CVE.

> CVSS V3 METRICS

CVSS_VECTOR
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
EXPLOITABILITY
3.9
IMPACT
5.2

> MÉTRIQUES CVSS DÉTAILLÉES

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Métrique Valeur Interprétation
AV (Vecteur d'Attaque)
Attack Vector
Network (N)
Exploit possible à distance via réseau (HTTP, API, etc.)
AC (Complexité d'Attaque)
Attack Complexity
Low (L)
Peu de conditions requises pour exploiter
PR (Privilèges Requis)
Privileges Required
None (N)
Aucune authentification requise
UI (Interaction Utilisateur)
User Interaction
None (N)
Aucune interaction utilisateur nécessaire
S (Périmètre)
Scope
Unchanged (U)
Impact reste dans le périmètre du composant compromis
C (Impact Confidentialité)
Confidentiality Impact
High (H)
Divulgation totale d'informations
I (Impact Intégrité)
Integrity Impact
High (H)
Modification totale des données possible
A (Impact Disponibilité)
Availability Impact
None (N)
Aucune interruption de service

> RÉSUMÉ DES IMPACTS

Confidentialité
High
Divulgation totale d'informations
Intégrité
High
Modification totale des données possible
Disponibilité
None
Aucune interruption de service

> WEAKNESSES

CWE-287 CWE-326 CWE-1391

> CWE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS

CWE-287: Improper Authentication - When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct. | CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength - The product stores or transmits sensitive data using an encryption scheme that is theoretically sound, but is not strong enough for the level of protection required. | CWE-1391: Use of Weak Credentials - The product uses weak credentials (such as a default key or hard-coded password) that can be calculated, derived, reused, or guessed by an attacker.

> RED HAT SECURITY ADVISORIES

Red Hat Security Advisory: Satellite 6.16.13 Async Update
An update is now available for Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 and RHEL 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring Sy...
Red Hat Security Advisory: Satellite 6.19.4 Async Update
A new release is now available for Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (C...
Red Hat Security Advisory: Satellite 6.17.11 Async Update
A new release is now available for Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (C...
Red Hat Security Advisory: Satellite 6.18.9 Async Update
A new release is now available for Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (C...

> RED HAT SEVERITY ASSESSMENT

THREAT SEVERITY
Important

> GITHUB SECURITY ADVISORY

GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x HIGH

ruby-jwt: Empty-key HMAC bypass; cross-language sibling of CVE-2026-44351

AFFECTED PACKAGES:
RUBYGEMS / jwt
< 2.10.3
Fixed in: 2.10.3
RUBYGEMS / jwt
>= 3.0.0, < 3.2.0
Fixed in: 3.2.0

> OSV (GOOGLE OPEN SOURCE VULNERABILITIES)

`jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass

AFFECTED PACKAGES:
Unknown / Unknown
48 versions affected
ALIASES:
GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x

> HISTORIQUE DES MODIFICATIONS

Première apparition
14/07/2026 22:16
Source: NVD
📊 ENRICHISSEMENT 01/08/2026 06:01
CWE
Champ modifié: Description CWE
Ancienne valeur:
N/A
Nouvelle valeur:
CWE-287: Improper Authentication - When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct. | CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Streng...
📊 ENRICHISSEMENT 19/07/2026 05:00
REDHAT
Champ modifié: Sévérité Red Hat
Ancienne valeur:
N/A
Nouvelle valeur:
{ "threat_severity": "Important", "severity_scale": null }
📊 ENRICHISSEMENT 19/07/2026 05:00
REDHAT
Champ modifié: Red Hat
Ancienne valeur:
Non
Nouvelle valeur:
Oui
Total des modifications: 3 Dernière mise à jour: 3 months ago

> REFERENCES

https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964
https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f
https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3
https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0
https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x
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